A Biography of Annie Tuckett, my mother's mother's mother.

A Biography of Annie Tuckett, my mother's mother's mother.

Annie Tuckett was a pioneering woman who lived and worked through several defining events that shaped Australia's history.


Born Anne Haworth on 1 January 1868 in Merino, far Western Victoria, Annie was the fifth child and third daughter of Robert Haworth and Jane Hetherington. Robert, a miller from Lancashire and Jane, a nursery maid from Co Fermanagh in Ireland, married in 1861 in Merino. All together they had three daughters and five sons.


When Annie was around eight years old, her family moved to Digby where her father took up the licence for the Digby Hotel, which had 10 rooms for patrons to stay in and a steady business with a billiard table and liquor licence.


Annie went to school at Merino, then the Digby State School. Annie was a good student, and progressed well, passing the Standard of Education in 1881 when she was 13 and 8 months. Subjects she passed included Rhymes, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic 1 and 2, Geography and Needlework.


In 1886, Annie suffered the sad loss of her elder sister Mary. On the occasion of her 23rd birthday, Mary had made a trip to the town well. She slipped in, and based on the design of the well she was drowned. She was found several hours later. Robert Haworth attempted to sue the shire of Portland over the state of the town well, as it was thought to be unsafe, but the case was dismissed.


Following Mary's death, and funeral which was held at Merino, most of Annie's family settled in Mildura, a new irrigation colony on the Murray River. An article about her parents' golden wedding anniversary states that they arrived in Mildura on 18 September 1888 - the town was first established as an inland irrigation colony in December 1887.


Annie stayed in Digby as a teacher, but by July 1891 she had also moved to Mildura. Annie worked at the Mildura State School about thirty minutes walk from her parents' home in Eighth street. The school building was extremely new, having just been finished that year. She also had a couple of short teaching stints at the Nicholl's Point State School, which was a little further away.


On 31 May 1900, Annie resigned from her role as a teacher at Mildura State School. By the third of July, she had arrived in Adelaide to board the Steam Ship Pilbarra, which arrived in Fremantle on the ninth of July. I like to think that she travelled down the Murray on a paddle steamer, but I can't be certain.


On 27 July she boarded the Steam Ship Australind, which left Fremantle bound for Singapore. She disembarked in Broome, where on the seventh of August, 1900 she married Frederick William Tuckett, the post master at La Grange Bay.


Annie was 32 when she married Fred, who was five years her junior. This was unusual. In 1900, around 75% of Australian women Annie's age were already married - the average age of women at their first marriage in 1906 was 25.


Fred was the fourth of nine children. Born in Beaufort in Central Victoria, he grew up in Violet Town where his father Alfred had selected some land at nearby Marraweeny, and his mother Maria had a boarding house in town. During the early 1890s Fred had worked at the post office in Mildura with Annie's youngest brother, George. Fred returned to Violet Town and Euroa for work before he moved to Western Australia in 1895. In 1899 he was promoted to post master at La Grange Bay, and Annie joined him soon after.


La Grange Bay was, and still is, an extremely remote coastal settlement around 180km south of Broome. There was a telegraph station there where Fred was responsible for distributing rations to infirm Aboriginal people. He was also a Justice of the Peace. There are records indicating that he employed several Aboriginal people in the operation of the telegraph station, as gardeners and other domestic help.


Soon after their wedding, Annie was pregnant. She travelled back to Victoria, but rather than going to her family in Western Victoria she went to the Tucketts in Violet Town. I am not sure if she had met any of the Victorian Tucketts before that time. She gave birth to her first daughter Marie Jean Pearl Tuckett on 15 May 1901 in Violet Town, and fudged her age on the birth certificate, indicating that she was the same age as her husband, rather than five years older.


Returning with her daughter to La Grange Bay, Annie resumed her role as the wife of a telegraph master, with responsibilities such as supervising "a hospital for sick and infirm natives", and providing "a hamper of delicacies...milk, eggs, fowls, scones and not least, a snowy serviette" to a woman travelling the Kimberley. It is my understanding from reading the documents related to the Roth Royal Commission that Annie had a 'half-caste' Aboriginal girl helping her with domestic duties. In the report, it states that the girl is happy to be employed by the wife of the post master.


In April 1904, Annie gave birth to her second daughter Freda Helen Haworth Tuckett in Perth.


Two years later, Fred was promoted to be post master at Claremont, Perth. They left the West Kimberly in December 1906. On their departure from Broome, the Broome magistrate telegraphed the Chief Protector of Aborigines in Perth, alerting them that Fred had 'removed a half-caste girl' without permission. The matter was quickly sorted, and Connie apparently signed another contract with the agreement of the Chief Protector to continue working for Annie for 12 months in Claremont. Unfortunately, that is the last written record I have for Connie.


The Claremont Post Office was renovated and extended in 1906. The entrance and public area were extended and the quarters enlarged with the addition of four rooms. Sadly, after only a year in Claremont, the Tucketts suffered the loss of their eldest daughter, just before Christmas 1907. Pearlie was buried at Karrakatta cemetery after a funeral where four of her paternal uncles were mourners.


In June 1908, Fred was transferred to Kanowna, just east of Kalgoorlie. Not long after they arrived, when she was aged 41, Annie gave birth a stillborn daughter Mary who was buried in an unmarked grave at the new Kanowna cemetery on 26 February 1909.


In Kanowna, Annie met a close friend. Miss Indianna (Indie) Thompson was a teacher at Kanowna. She continue to correspond with Annie throughout her life, including a long health related trip to Europe, marriage in Singapore and settlement in Africa. Annie's daughter Freda also stayed with Indie for some time in Cottesloe, and Indie was the witness at Freda's marriage.


Three years at Kanowna, where Annie was involved in a range of activities such as catering for the Tennis and Rifle Clubs and a Hospital Ball came to an end in 1911, when they relocated to Hall's Creek. In Hall's Creek, Fred was not only the post master, but was also the resident magistrate.


Hall's Creek is still a very remote part of Australia. In 1911, it took a sea and land journey of several weeks to get there. At Hall's Creek, the Tuckett family had staff - an Afghan cook, a Chinese laundry man and at least one Aboriginal boy, which I know from a photograph Freda took of him, where he is named as Clyde. Annie and Fred's daughter Freda was the only white child in the district, and an insight into her life is available from a series of letters she wrote to the Western Mail as part of the Silver Chain fundraising efforts.


Freda eventually attended a small boarding school in Gooseberry Hill in Perth. At one point, Annie sent her a snapshot of her pets and geese saying how lonely they looked without Freda. Each member of the family also had a horse. One of Freda's letters talks about Annie being thrown from her pony who shied at an ant hill, meaning she had to ride Fred's horse home. Another newspaper article describes a cross country ride by the Tucketts from Wyndham to Hall's Creek through flooded rivers.


During their time in Hall's Creek, World War One was taking place in Europe and Africa. Annie and Fred had several family members serving with the Australian Imperial Force, and they were involved in raising money for the War Patriotic Fund and the Red Cross. Sadly, two of Fred's brothers were killed in action in France. His brother who returned from war was involved in the Gallopoli landing.


In 1917, Hall's Creek came to national attention when Fred, communicating by telegraph with his former first aid instructor from Kanowna, operated on an injured stockman, Jimmy Darcy. Immediately following the successful operation, performed with makeshift tools, the doctor, John Joseph Holland, boarded a steamer, then travelled overland from Derby in a car and on horseback. Arriving in Hall's Creek he found that Jimmy had died - not from the operation, but from malaria. The story was eventually an inspiration to the Reverend John Flynn in establishing the Royal Flying Doctor Service.


In December 1919, Annie and Fred left Halls Creek for Cue, Leederville, then Roebourne in December 1921.In August 1922 Fred died in Perth, aged 49 after a painful illness. He was buried with his daughter Pearlie at Karrakatta.


This left Annie a widow at the age of 54. Her daughter Freda, 18, was completing secretarial school in Perth. To support herself, Annie went back to teaching. She took postings at a series of one room schools in country Western Australia, including Narembeen, Bramborae (which was near Nyabing at the 133 Mile Gate of the rabbit proof fence), Waddy Forest and Bolgart.


Annie eventually retired from teaching aged 62, and moved to North Perth. She lived there with a pink and grey galah named Bristles, who was apparently nearly as old as Annie herself.


Some members of Annie's family had also moved to Western Australia, both Haworths and Tucketts. Three of Annie's brothers were involved in mining in Western Australia. Fred's mother had moved to Perth after the death of his father, one sister and several of his brothers were also in the West. I expect that Annie had some contact with them, as her daughter Freda had some ongoing contact with her cousins throughout her life.


After a long life spent in many rural and remote parts of Australia, Annie died on 9 October 1943, aged 75, at 42 Monmouth Street Mt Lawley, the home of her daughter Freda. At the time, Freda was living there with her husband, step daughter and two children. Annie was buried at Karrakatta cemetery, in the same grave as her husband Fred and eldest daughter Pearlie.

Biography

(as submitted for UTAS Introduction to Family History course)

Annie Tuckett was a pioneering woman who lived and worked through several defining events that shaped Australia's history.

Born Anne Haworth on 1 January 1868 in Merino, far Western Victoria, Annie was the fifth child and third daughter of Robert Haworth and Jane Hetherington[1]. Robert and Jane married in 1861 in Merino and had three daughters and five sons.[2]

Annie went to school at Merino, then the Digby State School[3]. Her father took up the licence for the Digby Hotel, which at the time had 10 rooms and a steady business with a billiard table and liquor licence.[4]

Following the accidental drowning of her sister Mary in the Digby town well in 1886[5], most of Annie's family settled in Mildura, a new irrigation colony on the Murray River[6]. Annie stayed in Digby as a teacher, but in July 1891 she also moved to Mildura.[7] Annie worked at the Mildura State School[8] about thirty minutes walk from her parents' home in Eighth street[9].

On 31 May 1900, Annie resigned from her role as a teacher at Mildura State School. By the third of July, she had arrived in Adelaide to board the Steam Ship Pilbarra[10], which arrived in Fremantle on the ninth of July[11]. On 27 July she boarded the Steam Ship Australind, which left Fremantle bound for Singapore[12]. She disembarked in Broome, where on the seventh of August, 1900 she married Frederick William Tuckett, the post master at La Grange Bay[13].

Annie was 32 when she married Fred, who was five years her junior[14]. This was unusual. In 1900, around 75% of Australian women Annie's age were already married[15] - the average age of women at their first marriage in 1906 was 25[16].

Fred was the fourth of nine children. Born in Beaufort in Central Victoria[17], he grew up in Violet Town[18]. During the early 1890s he had worked at the post office in Mildura[19] with Annie's youngest brother, George[20]. Fred returned to Violet Town and Euroa for work before he moved to Western Australia in 1895[21]. In 1899 he was promoted to post master at La Grange Bay[22], and Annie joined him soon after.

By moving to Western Australia, Annie earned herself the right to vote. It does not seem that Annie signed the Women's Suffrage Petition that was tabled in the Victorian Parliament in 1891[23]. However, women in Western Australia were granted the vote in 1899[24], and this franchise was extended to all Australian women in 1903[25]. Annie is shown on the electoral roll for the first time in 1905[26].

La Grange Bay was, and still is, an extremely remote coastal settlement around 180km south of Broome. There was a telegraph station there where Fred was responsible for distributing rations to Aboriginal people[27]. He was also a Justice of the Peace[28].

Soon after their wedding, Annie was pregnant. She travelled back to Victoria[29] and gave birth to her first daughter Marie Jean Pearl Tuckett on 15 May 1901 in Violet Town[30].

Returning with her daughter to La Grange Bay, Annie resumed her role as the wife of a telegraph master, with responsibilities such as supervising "a hospital for sick and infirm natives"[31], and providing "a hamper of delicacies...milk, eggs, fowls, scones and not least, a snowy serviette" to a woman travelling the Kimberley[32].

In April 1904, Annie gave birth to her second daughter Freda Helen Haworth Tuckett in Perth[33]. Two years later, Fred was promoted to be post master at Claremont, Perth[34]. They left the West Kimberly in December 1906[35].

After only a year in Claremont, the Tucketts suffered the loss of their eldest daughter, just before Christmas 1907. Pearlie[36] was buried at Karrakatta cemetery[37] after a funeral where four of her uncles were mourners[38].

In June 1908, Fred was transferred to Kanowna, just east of Kalgoorlie[39]. Not long after they arrived, when she was aged 41, Annie gave birth a stillborn daughter Mary[40] who was buried in an unmarked grave at the new Kanowna cemetery on 26 February 1909[41].

Three years at Kanowna, where Annie was involved in a range of activities such as the Tennis Club[42] and a Hospital Ball[43] came to an end in 1911, when they relocated to Hall's Creek[44]. In Hall's Creek, Fred was not only the post master, but was also the resident magistrate[45].

Hall's Creek is still a very remote part of Australia[46]. In 1911, it took a sea and land journey of several weeks to get there[47]. At Hall's Creek, the Tuckett family had staff - an Afghan cook, a Chinese laundry man and at least one Aboriginal boy[48]. Annie and Fred's daughter, Freda, was the only white child in the district[49], when she was not attending school in Perth[50]. They kept goats, poultry[51] and horses.[52]

During their time in Hall's Creek, World War One was taking place in Europe and Africa. Annie and Fred had several family members serving with the Australian Imperial Force[53], and they were involved in raising money for the War Patriotic Fund[54] and the Red Cross[55].

In 1917, Hall's Creek came to national attention when Fred, communicating by telegraph with his former first aid instructor from Kanowna, operated on an injured stockman, Jimmy Darcy[56]. The story was eventually an inspiration to the Reverend John Flynn in establishing the Royal Flying Doctor Service.[57]

In December 1919, Annie and Fred left Halls Creek for Cue[58], Leederville[59], then Roebourne in December 1921[60].In August 1922 Fred died in Perth, aged 49[61] after a painful illness[62]. He was buried with his daughter Pearlie at Karrakatta.[63]

This left Annie a widow at the age of 54. Her daughter Freda, 18, was at a secretarial school in Perth[64]. To support herself, Annie went back to teaching[65]. She took postings at a series of one room schools in country Western Australia, including Narembeen[66], Bramborae[67], Waddy Forest[68] and Bolgart.[69]

Annie retired from teaching aged 62[70], and moved to North Perth[71]. She lived there with a pink and grey galah named Bristles, who was nearly as old as Annie herself[72].

After a long life spent in many rural and remote parts of Australia, Annie died on 9 October 1943, aged 75, at 42 Monmouth Street Mt Lawley[73], the home of her daughter Freda[74]. She was buried at Karrakatta cemetery, in the same grave as her husband Fred and eldest daughter Pearlie.[75]

Bibliography

Australia, Electoral Rolls. 1903-1980, Australian Electoral Commission, Ancestry, accessed 20 September 2017

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Statistical Geography Standard Remoteness Structure, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/home/remoteness+structure, accessed 22 September 2017

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 'Western Australia Aborigines Department Report for Financial Year ending 30th June, 1900' http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/digitised_collections/remove/73070.pdf accessed 20 September 2017

Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria

Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics (Australia) and Knibbs, George, Sir, 1858-1929, Official year book of the Commonwealth of Australia. Melbourne, Victoria Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, 1908, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/second+level+view?ReadForm&prodno=1301.0&viewtitle=Year%20Book%20Australia~2009%E2%80%9310~Latest~04/06/2010&&tabname=Past%20Future%20Issues&prodno=1301.0&issue=2009%E2%80%9310&num=&view=&

Euroa Advertiser

Files - Chief Protector of Aborigines, State Records Office of Western Australia

Fremantle, Western Australia, Passenger Lists, 1897-1963, National Archives of Australia, ACT, Ancestry, Accessed 5 September 2017

Great Southern Leader (Pingelly)

Hamilton Spectator

Holland, JJ, 'Obituary', Medical Journal of Australia, 1959, 1: pp. 549-50.

Incoming passenger list, NAA: K269, National Archives of Australia

Kalgoorlie Miner

Kalgoorlie Western Argus

Kershner, Frederick D. 'George Chaffey and the Irrigation Frontier.' Agricultural History 27, no. 4 (1953): 115-22. p.118, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3740354, accessed 23 September 2017

Metropolitan Cemeteries Board of Western Australia, Karrakatta, accessed 22 September 2017

Mildura Telegraph and Darling and Lower Murray Advocate

Northern Times (Carnarvon)

Oldfield, Audrey, Woman Suffrage in Australia, Cambridge University Press, 1992

Outback Family History, 'Kanowna Cemetery M to Z', http://www.outbackfamilyhistory.com.au/records/record.php?record_id=608&town=Kanowna, accessed 22 September 2017

Parliament of Victoria, 'Women's Suffrage Petition', https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/about/the-history-of-parliament/womens-suffrage-petition, accessed 10 September 2017

Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Rate Books, 1880-1946, Ancestry, original data Perth City Council. City of Perth Rate Books. State Record Office of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, accessed 23 September 2017Probate and Administration Files, Public Record Office Victoria

R. E. Cowley, 'Tuckett, Lewis (1879–1960)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tuckett-lewis-9260/text15577, published first in hardcopy 1990, accessed 19 September 2017

Record of Service Cards - Teaching, State Records Office of Western Australia

Register of State School at Digby, Public Record Office Victoria

Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Western Australia

Teacher Record Book, Public Record Office Victoria

The Advertiser (Adelaide)

The Daily News (Perth)

The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide)

The Kimberley Society, 'An Outback Dash: My Grandfather's Diary' (Peter Holland, July) 2010, http://www.kimberleysociety.org/images/kimbsoc-23--ohpei.pdf, accessed 22 September 2017

The Mildura Cultivator

The Murchison Times and Day Dawn Gazette

The Pilbarra Goldfield News

The W.A. Record

The West Australian

Western Mail

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[1] Birth certificate of Anne Haworth, born 1 January 1869, Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria, 4368/1868

[2] Anon., 'Local News.', The Mildura Cultivator, 24 July 1915, p.10.

[3] Register of State School at Digby, Public Record Office Victoria, VPRS 911/P/0000 Unit 000002

[4] Advertising, 'Notice of Application for a Publican's License', Hamilton Spectator, 3 December 1878, p.3.

[5] From our own correspondent, 'Merino', Hamilton Spectator, 4 March 1886, p.4.

[6] Frederick D. Kershner, 'George Chaffey and the Irrigation Frontier.' Agricultural History 27, no. 4 (1953): 115-22. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3740354, accessed 23 September 2017

[7]Teacher Record Book, Teacher Record No, 11459, Public Record Office Victoria, , VPRS 13579/P1 Unit 38

[8] Teacher Record Book

[9] Will of Robert Haworth, died 22 July 1915, Public Record Office Victoria, VPRS 28/P3 unit 544, item 139/594

[10] Anon., 'Shipping News', The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide), 4 July 1900, p.2.

[11] Ancestry, Passenger list for the Pilbarra 9 July 1900, 'Fremantle, Western Australia, Passenger Lists, 1897-1963', National Archives of Australia, ACT, Inward passenger manifests for ships and aircraft arriving at Fremantle, Perth Airport and Western Australian outports from 1897-1963, Series Number: K 269, Reel Number: 5, Accessed 5 September 2017

[12] Anon., 'Shipping', The West Australian, 28 July 1900, p.4.

[13] Marriage certificate of Annie Haworth and Frederick William Tuckett, married 7 August 1900, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Western Australia, 38/1900

[14] Marriage certificate of Annie Haworth and Frederick William Tuckett, married 7 August 1900

[15] Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics (Australia) and Knibbs, George, Sir, 1858-1929, Official year book of the Commonwealth of Australia. Melbourne, Victoria Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, 1908, http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/second+level+view?ReadForm&prodno=1301.0&viewtitle=Year%20Book%20Australia~2009%E2%80%9310~Latest~04/06/2010&&tabname=Past%20Future%20Issues&prodno=1301.0&issue=2009%E2%80%9310&num=&view=&

[16] Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics (Australia) and Knibbs, George, Sir, Year Book Australia 1908

[17] Birth certificate of Frederick William Tuckett, born 8 March 1873, Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria, 7505/1873

[18] R. E. Cowley, 'Tuckett, Lewis (1879–1960)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/tuckett-lewis-9260/text15577, published first in hardcopy 1990, accessed 19 September 2017

[19] Anon., 'Death of Old Resident', Mildura Telegraph and Darling and Lower Murray Advocate, 27 July 1915, p.2.

[20] Anon, 'Local News', The Mildura Cultivator, 14 February 1903, p.7.

[21] Anon, 'The Golden West', Euroa Advertiser, 27 September 1895, p.2.

[22] Anon. 'Promoted', Euroa Advertiser, 3 March 1899, p.2.

[23] Parliament of Victoria, 'Women's Suffrage Petition', https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/about/the-history-of-parliament/womens-suffrage-petition, accessed 10 September 2017

[24] Audrey Oldfield, Woman Suffrage in Australia, Cambridge University Press, 1992, p45

[25] Oldfield, Woman Suffrage in Australia, p.59

[26] Ancestry, Division of Coolgardie, Polling Place Broome (1905), Australia, Electoral Rolls. 1903-1980, Australian Electoral Commission, accessed 20 September 2017

[27] Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, 'Western Australia Aborigines Department Report for Financial Year ending 30th June, 1900' p.7. http://aiatsis.gov.au/sites/default/files/docs/digitised_collections/remove/73070.pdf accessed 20 September 2017

[28] Anon., 'Metropolitan News', The Pilbarra Goldfield News, 16 January 1904, p.3.

[29] Incoming passenger list 'Karrakatta" arrived Fremantle 2 March 1901, NAA: K269, National Archives of Australia

[30] Birth certificate of Marie Jean Pearl Tuckett, born 15 May 1901, Births, Deaths and Marriages Victoria, 14991/1901

[31] Anon., The Nor'-West.', The Daily News, 26 December 1902

[32] D.M.B., 'Through the Nor'-West On A Side-Saddle', The W.A. Record, 24 January 1903

[33] Birth Certificate of Freda Helen Haworth Tuckett, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages Western Australia, 6068/1904

[34] Anon., 'Western Australian Post-Masters', The West Australian, 23 July 1906, p.4.

[35] Resident Magistrate, Broome. Mr Tuckett, late of La Grange Bay - takes away half-caste girl without permit, agreement or bond, State Records Office of Western Australia, AU WA S3005- cons255 1906/1127

[36] Death Certificate of Marie Jean Pearl Tuckett, died 20 December 1907, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Western Australia 147/1907

[37] Karrakatta Burial information, Metropolitan Cemeteries Board of Western Australia, burial details for Marie Jean Pearl Tuckett, Section DA Gravesite 0390, http://www2.mcb.wa.gov.au/NameSearch/details.php?id=KB00007300, accessed 22 September 2017

[38] Anon., 'News and Notes.', The West Australian, 24 December 1907, p.7.

[39] Anon., 'The Postal Department, Post-office classification, Western Australian Officers, Transfers and Promotions', The West Australian, 1 June 1908, p.7.

[40] Death Certificate of Mary Tuckett, stillborn on 24 February 1909, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Western Australia 3/1909

[41] Kanowna Cemetery M to Z, Outback Family History, burial records for the new Kanowna Cemetery, http://www.outbackfamilyhistory.com.au/records/record.php?record_id=608&town=Kanowna, accessed 22 September 2017

[42] Anon., 'New Year's Day Sports', Kalgoorlie Miner, 5 January 1909, p.2.

[43] Anon., 'Notes from Kanowna', Kalgoorlie Western Argus, 15 August 1911, p.26

[44] Anon., 'Public Service Billets', Kalgoorlie Western Argus, 19 September 1911, p.30

[45] Anon., 'Public Service Billets', Kalgoorlie Western Argus, p.30

[46] Australian Statistical Geography Standard Remoteness Structure, Australian Bureau of Statistics, http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/d3310114.nsf/home/remoteness+structure, accessed 22 September 2017

[47] Peter Holland, 'An Outback Dash: My Grandfather's Diary, The Kimberley Society, July 2010, http://www.kimberleysociety.org/images/kimbsoc-23--ohpei.pdf, accessed 22 September 2017

[48] Ann Watts and Mary Mackenzie with Jillian Watts, face-to-face discussion, 15 August 2017, recorded in my personal blog, https://familystoriesihavefound.blogspot.com.au/2017/08/annie-tuckett-servants-etc.html

[49] Freda Tuckett, 'Another New Link', Western Mail, 25 October 1912, p.46

[50] Anon., Gooseberry Hill Bazaar.', The Daily News, 14 April 1917, p.7

[51] Annie Tuckett to Freda Tuckett, post card, date uncertain, personal collection of Ann Watts

[52] Freda Tuckett, 'Received her Bracelet Safely', Western Mail, 5 September 2013, p.46

[53] 'Tuckett, Lewis (1879–1960)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University

[54] Anon., 'Western Australia. War Patriotic Fund.', The West Australian, 7 September 1914, p.8

[55] Anon., 'The Red Cross Movement', The West Australian, 16 July 1915, p.8

[56] Anon., 'Marvellous Operation Conducted by Telegraph.', The Advertiser, 6 September 1917, p.7

[57] JJ Holland, Obituary, Medical Journal of Australia, 1959, 1: p. 550.

[58] Anon., Untitled, The Murchison Times and Day Dawn Gazette, 19 December 1919, p.2

[59] Anon., 'General News', The Murchison Times and Day Dawn Gazette, 1 September 1922, p.2

[60] From our own correspondent, 'Roebourne Notes', Northern Times, 10 December 1921, p.5

[61] Death Certificate of Frederick William Tuckett, died 28 August 1922, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Western Australia, 1055/1922

[62] 'General News', The Murchison Times and Day Dawn Gazette, p.2

[63] Karrakatta Burial information, Metropolitan Cemeteries Board of Western Australia, burial details for Frederick Tuckett, Section DA Gravesite 0390, http://www2.mcb.wa.gov.au/NameSearch/details.php?id=KB00027018, accessed 22 September 2017

[64] Anon., 'City Commercial College Speech Day', The West Australian, 29 December 1921, p.5

[65] Mrs Annie Tuckett, Record of Service Cards - Teaching, State Records Office of Western Australia, AU WA S132- cons3512, 4 February 1924-26 May 1930

[66] Anon., 'Narembeen Notes', Great Southern Leader, 7 November 1924, p.5

[67] Figure 3, Photographer unknown. School group, Bramborae State School. Annie Tuckett, far left. Date unknown. Source: Ann Watts, personal collection

[68] Anon., 'The Midlands', The West Australian, 28 June 1927, p.5

[69] Indie Thompson to Annie Tuckett, post card, date uncertain, personal collection of Ann Watts

[70] Record of Service Cards - Teaching, State Records Office of Western Australia, AU WA S132- cons3512

[71] Ancestry, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, Rate Books, 1880-1946, original data Perth City Council. City of Perth Rate Books. Consignment number 3460, item numbers 1–626. State Record Office of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, accessed 23 September 2017

[72] Donald Mackenzie with Jillian Watts, email, 2 July 2017

[73] Death Certificate of Anne Tuckett, died 9 October 1943, Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, Western Australia, 2332/1943

[74] Ancestry, Division of Perth, Subdivision of North Perth (1943) Australia, Electoral Rolls. 1903-1980, Australian Electoral Commission, accessed 20 September 2017

[75] Karrakatta Burial information, Metropolitan Cemeteries Board of Western Australia, burial details for Anne Tuckett, Section DA Gravesite 0390, http://www2.mcb.wa.gov.au/NameSearch/details.php?id=KB00073105, accessed 22 September 2017